Oscillating valve



A. R. JARMAN.

Patented May Zlwuantot UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED ROSS JARMAN, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO B. GORDON GRANVILLE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

Application filed February 16, 1918, Serial No. 217,543.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED Ross J ARMAN, a citizen of the United States,-residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oscillating Valves, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

My invention relates tointernal combustion engines and especially to a valve structure of the oscillating type.

An object of my invention is to provide a valve structure of the above type which will becapable of high speed in operation with a minimum amount of strain and wear on the working parts.

Another object of my invention is to provide an integral structure in the form of a cylinder head adapted to be used on existing types of internal combustion engines and containing in itself a combustion chamber and valve mechanism therefor.

A further object of my invention is to so combine the shapes, proportions and arrangement of the different elements ofthey rapid charging and of the combustion structure as to facilitate thorough scavenging chamber.

Other objects of my invention will be ap parent from a perusal of the following specification and the accompanying drawings.

My invention is illustrated in the acc0mpanying drawings in which- Figure 1 is a top view taken on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1. r

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1. r a

Referring to the drawings in detail, 1 in dicates the engine cylinder which maybe of any known type fitted with the usualpiston 2. For the purpose of applying my 111- vention'. to the usual type-of engine, I provide the upper portion of the cylinder with flanges 3 and an inner counter-bore 4 ground in the usual manner. :formaking a tight joint. The valve structure consists generally of the water-jacketed dome or head 5, the telescoping valve sleeves 6 and 7 fitted over the head, and. the valve cap 8 fitted over the sleeves and head. The valve head is provided at the bottom with a down- Specification of Letters Patent.

OSCILLA'IING vAIJvE.

Patented May 4, 1920.

Renewed March 3, 1920. Serial No. 363,082.

wardly projecting ledge 9 and outwardly projecting flange 10 fitted to the counterbore at and flange 3 respectively, of the engine cylinder, and has a combustion chamber 11 formed therein extending upwardly over the top of the inside of the engine cylinder in the form of a truncated wedge. The outer wall of the head 5 is cylindrical and intake and exhaust ports, 12 and 18 respectively, are provided in opposite sides of the head, which open into the wedge-shaped combustion chamber through the opposite parallel sides 1 1 and 15, respectively, and near the apex. A threaded bore 1.6 is provided in the top of the head to receive and hold the usual spark plug near the apex of the wedge shaped combustion chamber. Between the inner,outer and top walls of the valve head 5 is formed the water jacket space 17 which may be connected to the water circulating system (not shown) in any suitable manner. Annular channels 18 are provided in the outer cylindrical walls of the valve head, two above and one below the ports and are fitted with piston rings 19.

The inner valve sleeve 6 is seated around the cylindrical wall of the head 8 and the outer valve sleeve 7 is seated around the outer surface of the inner valve sleeve, the adjacent surfaces of the valve sleeves and head being suitably ground or otherwise finished to form a close fit. A ring of antifriction metal 19 is fitted around the bottom of the head between the head flange 10 outer sleeve 7 isalso provided with an operating arm 21 which extends outwardly and radially from the edge of the recessed portion 22 in the sleeve 7 through which, the arm 20 of the inner sleeve projects. This arrangement lated about the axis of thehead by means of their respective operating arms which may swing freely one above the other.

The valve cap 8 is arranged to fit down over the head and valve cylinders and is held in place thereon by means of the annular flange 23 which is made to register with 'thefianges 10 and 3 of the head and engine cylinder, all three flanges being clamped together 'bymeans of suitable bolts 25. The top of the cap is open and provided engaging surfaces with an inwardly extending flange 26 which acts to bridge the space between the wall of the cap and the head and hold the valve sleeves against upward movement. A perforated washer or ring 27 of anti-friction material is fitted between the flange 26 and the upper edges of the valve sleeves to prevent wear thereon. Lubricating oilmay be fed between the relatively moving surfaces through a suitable oil supply pipe such as 29 passing through the flange of the cap and the anti-friction ring 27 at a point above the engaging surfaces of the valve sleeves. Inorder to induce even distribu tion of oil around the engaging surfaces of the valve sleeves, I provide spiral grooves 30 therein. It is of course to be understood that oil will also be distributed between the engaging surfaces-of the valve sleeves and the cap and head, and these surfaces may also if desired be provided with spiral grooves. I have shownthe oil entering the valve cap at a point above the engaging surfaces of the sleeves as it is these particular which move at the highest relative speed. To prevent leakage of gas between the engaging surfaces of the cap 5 and the inner valve sleeve, the piston rings 19 are tensioned to bear outwardly against the inner valve sleeve.

The inlet and exhaust ports 31 and 32 in the valve cap 8 register with the ports 12 and 13 in the head, respectively, and are brought into communication therewith through perforations 33, 34-, 35 and 36 in the valve sleeves arranged to be alternately brought into register with the intake and exhaust ports of the cap and head when the valve sleeves are oscillated. By thus making the combustionchamber in the form V of a truncated wedge with oblong ports arranged vertically in the parallel sides of the cone-shaped chamber near the apex, I obtain a quick charging and thorough scavening of the combustion chamber. 7

For oscillating the valve sleeves, the arms 20 and 21 are provided at their ends with perforated heads 37 and 88which are connected through crank and pitman connections 39- 40 and 11-42 with a valve driving shaft48 geared to the engine shaft in one ratio in any suitable manner'notshown. In a multi-cylinder engine the valve shaft 43 may be common to the several sets or valves and the usual 'mani'fo'ld connection provided for the intake and exhaust Y ports of the several valve caps.

For an engine of the four-cycle type as herein'shown, "the cranks 89 and 4-1 are set approximately at,90, and the openings in the valve sleeves arranged as indicated in jdbtted l nes in Fig. 1 These parts are so arranged and ad usted in relation to each other andto the movement. of the engine pistonthat-the openings in the valve'sleeves said head and sleeves, said having openlngs in opposite sides arranged side of thecap to cause the openings to reg1ster with the are brought into and out of register with tions, the valves are caused-to attain their slowest movement when the ports are wide open thus securing a long tarry at intake and exhaust and a quick opening and closing. It will be obvious that the timing of the valves in relation to the cycle of the'engine may be varied as desired by the designer and according to the cycle of the engine by varying the set of the cranks or timing shaft and the relative positions of the valve openings. 7

While I have herein shown and described. the combustion chamber as being separable from the engine cylinder, it is to be understood that, in making a complete engine embodying my invention, it is preferable to make the combustion chamber integral with the engine cylinder, the valve cap only being detachable for purposes of assembling and repair.

It is also to be understoodthat I do not limit myself to the particular embodiment of the invention herein shown and described, but contemplate all such modifications and variants thereof as may fairly fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my'invention what I I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- 1. The combination with an internal combustion engine having a cylinder and reciprocating piston, of a water jacketed head on the cylinder having a wedge shaped combustion chamber formed therein and situated beyond the limit of the compression.

stroke of the piston, with intake and exhaust ports in the parallel sides of the chamber near theapex, said head having a cylindrical outer surface, piston rings carried by sald head countersunk in the outside surface above and below said intake and exhaust ports,a valve sleeve seated around said head against said piston rings, a sec- 0nd valve sleeve seated aroundsaid first mentioned sleeve, a retaining cap fitted over sleeves and cap to register with the intake and exhaust openings in the head, and operating arms car ried by each of said sleeves projecting radially from the top thereof through the for oscillating said sleeves openings or ports in the capand head. on oppositesides alternately. V p 2. The combination with an internal combustion engine having a cylinder and reciprocating piston therein, of a detachable head for the cylinder having a cylindrical outer wall, a combustion chamber formed therein and a water jacket between the outer wall and the combustion chamber with intake and exhaust ports in the cylindrical wall communicating with the interior of the combustion chamber, a pair of telescoped valve sleeves fitted around said head, a valve cap surrounding said head and sleeves having intake and exhaust ports registering with the intake and exhaust ports of the head, said sleeves having perforations arranged to be brought into and out of registration with said ports during oscillation of said sleeves, operating arms for said sleeves extending outwardly and radially therefrom through said cap, the arm of the inner sleeve extending outwardly and radi ally from the top edge thereof through a recess in the top of the outer sleeve and the arm of the outer sleeve extending out wardly and radially from the bottom of said recess, and motion transmitting means between the engine piston and the said arms for oscillating the valve sleeves to open and close the intake and exhaust ports in timed relation with the movements of the piston.

3. The combination with an internal combustion engine having a cylinder and reciprocating piston therein, of a detachable head for the cylinder having a cylindrical outer wall, a combustion chamber formed therein and a water jacket between the outer wall and the combustion chamber with intake and exhaust ports in the cylindrical wall communicating with the interior of the combustion chamber, piston rings nested in the outer wall of said head tensioned to bear outwardly, a radial flange extending outwardly from the bottom of the outer wall of said head, an inner valve sleeve seated against said outer wall and said flange, an outer valve sleeve seated against the outer surface of said inner valve sleeve and upon said flange, a valve cap covering said head and valve sleeves and seated upon the upper edges of said sleeves, the outer surface of the outer sleeve and the said' flange, upper and lower washers of bearing metal interposed between the upper and lower edges of the said ,leeves and said cap and flange, and means for oscillating said sleeves.

4;. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a detachable head having a combustion chamber in the form of a truncated wedge with a cylindrical outer wall, a water jacket between the combustion chamber and said outer wall and intake and exhaust ports or ducts communicating with the combustion chamber through the parallel sides thereof near the apex, the said ports or ducts being oblong in cross section and arranged with the major axis of the oblong parallel to the axis or median line of the wedge shaped combustion chamber, a radial flange on the bottom of the head for attachment to the engine cylinder, a pair of telescoped valve sleeves fitted around the outer wall of said head and held against downward movement by said flange, a washer of bearing metal interposed between said sleeves and said flange, a valve cap surrounding said sleeves and having an upper inwardly extending radial flange and a lower outwardly extending radial flange, said upper flange covering the upper edges of the sleeves and a portion of said head and said lower flange engaging with the flange of the head, a washer of bearing metal between said upper flange and said sleeves, said cap having intake and exhaust ports registering with the corresponding ports in the head, said valve sleeves having perforations adapted to be brought into and out of registration with said ports during oscillation of said sleeves, and means for oscillating said sleeves.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

ALFRED ROSS J ARMAN. 

